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Evaluation Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, 257-272 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0193841X07307829
© 2008 SAGE Publications

Rates of Missing Responses in Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Versus Paper Assessments

Lori-Ann Palen

The Pennsylvania State University, lxp201{at}psu.edu

John W. Graham

The Pennsylvania State University

Edward A. Smith

The Pennsylvania State University

Linda L. Caldwell

The Pennsylvania State University

Catherine Mathews

Medical Research Council (South Africa) University of Cape Town

Alan J. Flisher

University of Cape Town, University of Bergen

This article describes rates of missing item responses in personal digital assistant (PDA) assessments as compared to paper assessments. Data come from the evaluation of a classroom-based leisure, life skills, and sexuality education program delivered to high school students in Cape Town, South Africa. Analyses show that the paper assessments had much higher rates of missing-ness than PDA assessments. This association is moderated by item order. Certain analyses also suggest that paper assessments have higher rates of missingness for items pertaining to participants' sexual behavior. Implications of these results for evaluation research will be discussed.

Key Words: program evaluation • methodology • electronic assessment • missing data


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