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Trajectories of Heroin Addiction

Growth Mixture Modeling Results Based on a 33-Year Follow-Up Study

University of California, Los Angeles

David Huang

University of California, Los Angeles

Chih-Ping Chou

University of Southern California

M. Douglas Anglin

University of California, Los Angeles

This study investigates trajectories of heroin use and subsequent consequences in a sample of 471 male heroin addicts who were admitted to the California Civil Addict Program in 1964-1965 and followed over 33 years. Applying a two-part growth mixture modeling strategy to heroin use level during the first 16 years of the addiction careers since first heroin use, the authors identified three groups with distinctive profiles: stably high-level heroin users (n = 278), late decelerated users (n = 149), and early quitters (n = 44). Study findings empirically demonstrate the chronic nature of heroin addiction and subsequent adverse consequences including mortality, mental health, and employment.

Key Words: heroin • trajectory • growth mixture modeling

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